The biogenesis of miRNAs involves a complex protein system, including members of the Argonaute family, Pol II-dependent transcription and the RNase IIIs Drosha and Dicer13. MiRNAs
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چکیده
| MicroRNA (miRNA ) alterations are involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer. The causes of the widespread differential expression of miRNA genes in malignant compared with normal cells can be explained by the location of these genes in cancer-associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms and by alterations in the miRNA processing machinery. MiRNA-expression profiling of human tumours has identified signatures associated with diagnosis, staging, progression, prognosis and response to treatment. In addition, profiling has been exploited to identify miRNA genes that might represent downstream targets of activated oncogenic pathways, or that target proteincoding genes involved in cancer. R E V I E W S NATURE REVIEWS | CANCER VOLUME 6 | NOVEMBER 2006 | 857
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